Membrane cleaning is performed to remove deposits on the membrane surface, restore and enhance its permeability, which can be regarded as the reverse process of membrane fouling. Effective membrane cleaning not only ensures the continuous operation of the system but also prevents the occurrence of irreversible fouling, thereby extending the membrane's service life and reducing operating costs. It is important to note that certain substances in the feed water can chemically react with the membrane surface, causing precipitation and aging of the membrane surface, leading to its fouling or performance degradation.